August 14th 1967 was and is still Black Monday to those who loved to listen to their favourite stations bringing the pop and easy listening music from international waters. The British Government had earlier decided that an official law had to be brought in against what was, in their eyes, a full Act of Piracy. So on Black Monday around midnight, the Marine Offence etc Act. became reality and from that moment on it was officially forbidden for those with a British Citizenship to broadcast for an illegal radiostation from international waters. Also those stations on radio ships couldn�t be tendered anymore from British harbours, companies weren�t allowed anymore to advertise on the station and so on. In other words the British government wanted to blockade all those stations on the air in international waters.
Some days before the MOB became Act Ronan O�Rahilly, the Caroline director, was interviewed after arriving back from the USA, where he had visited New York to �sell� his Radio Caroline Network to American advertising agencies. And he compared Radio Caroline in the interview �As a sort of CBS network serving the British Isles.� �Radio Caroline will stay on the air, he emphasised, despite the British Government�s move to scuttle it, and it will stay afloat. Mr. O�Rahilly, 27, and the man at the centre of the Isle of Man�s storm, has been to America to find alternative advertising revenue ready for when the British Government�s Marines Broadcasting (Offences) Act become into force. It will stop British advertisers using his �pop� stations. He claimed: �It has been a highly successful sales trip and one that ensures that, just as we have now been on the air for four years, we will still be four years from now on. I�ve been introducing the idea to some of America�s big advertisers on the pitch that this is Caroline International, a station serving 25 million s Britons plus audiences on the continent and in Ireland- a sort of CBS network.�
When it was midnight and so August 15th 1967, there was only one organisation left to fight the law. Caroline, becoming Caroline International with a station in the South as well in the North. Most of the listeners were tuned in to the South station just before twelve o�clock, when deejays Johnnie Walker and Robbie Dale said farewell to Britain. Who doesn�t remember the words Walker spoke just after midnight: �You have our assurance that we shall carry on, we belong to you and we love you.� From there one the Beatles Song �All you need is love� was played and the station went on in the night as Caroline International. I don�t think there is any other program sent in the history of radio so much repeated on the radio than the last minutes from Radio Caroline South on that Black Monday.
The two guys, young as they were, enjoyed the momentous occasion for both a way to brake the law and to become officially radio criminals. On the sister station Caroline North it was Daffy Don Allen asking the listeners for two minutes of silence, after which he also put the �All you need is love� on the turnta
ble
and his station becoming Caroline International too, although with a
different output than the former Caroline South. A day later the Dutch
newspapers brought the opening of the Caroline Office at the Singel 160
in Amsterdam, whereby �owner� Ronan O�Rahilly was claiming the
organisation also had offices in Paris, New York and Toronto and that
Caroline would go on with international advertising to pay the bills.Ronan O�Rahilly in Amsterdam 1969 Freewave Media Magazine Archive
Dutch newspapers brought already the news that Caroline had her new office in Amsterdam on Wednesday August 16th 1967. The listeners for the station didn�t get the address on the air before September 1st. It was written that Caroline had hired one floor in a typical canal house in the centre of Amsterdam where a eight persons staff was working. Partly Dutch and partly English: �There was a spokesman for the Caroline organisation busy to set up the furnish and after that he answered questions from several journalist arriving at the office. He told that he was a Canadian advisor for the radio station but didn�t want to tell his name. � Probably the Canadian Terry Bate, who did advise Ronan O�Rahilly organising the station and was also the brain behind the successful Caroline Cash Casino, was the Canadian mentioned in the newspaper.
The Caroline director O�Rahilly had not yet arrived the new office and the Canadian told the press that he would arrive on the Thursday in Amsterdam, flying from London�s Heathrow. The newspapers also wrote that tendering for the Caroline South ship would be done from Dutch harbours and during the first weeks the Fredericia, from Caroline North, still would be getting provision from the Isle of Man. In an article in the �Haarlems Dagblad� that very day, it was also mentioned that already in the month of April 1967 a new office was hired in name of the
Caroline
organisation at Koninginneweg 130 in Amsterdam. One of the people
working at that stage for O�Rahilly was Basil van Rensburg, who earlier
worked for the organisation running Radio Dolfijn and Britian Radio. He
hired the second floor of the four floors house of the well known Dutch
classical organist Piet van Egmond. However following the words of Van
Egmond it could not be said that Van Rensburg was working hard to get
the office ready. After a few months, it was July 14th., Van Rensburg
told Van Egmond that he would start a business for himself and left the
office. left: Basil van Rensburg in later days. Right: Piet van Egmond (Freewave Media Magazine Archive)
When Ronan O�Rahilly was contacted by telephone he was totally surprised. Just days before Van Rensburg had got 10.000 guilders from O�Rahilly to furnish the office. Van Egmond thought it was all to misty and decided not to work together with the Caroline organisation anymore and so they had to look for another office, which they found at Singel 160. Another newspaper wrote that it would be a hard time for the authorities as they had to look in all the books of the advertisers, heard on both stations, to prove that they realy paid for the advertisements. Also Ronan O�Rahilly was
mentioned
as he told the journalist that he had a very special tape, produced by
two of the important journalists in England. It would have many secret
facts about some ministers and their private lives: �He believes that
when transmitting the tape at the right moment it will be possible to
let fall the British Labour Government. Later it was revealed that the
tape was titled �The Secret Life of Harold Wilson�, at that stage Prime
Minister. So far known it was never transmitted and like more things
mentioned by Ronan O�Rahilly I doubt if there was ever a tape with that
contents. Robbie and Stella Robinson (Dale) at Singel 160 in 2007. Archive Robbie Robinson
British Listeners who had complaint against the MOB in a letter to the Prime Minister got an answer back from the Prime Minister�s Office signed by his Private Secretary Miss E. Frankham: �Many people have been very disappointed to hear that pirate broadcasting is to be stopped. It seems so harmless, and is enjoyed by so many people. In fact, despite the repeated claims of the pirates, their broadcasts are far from harmless. The pirates are using wavelengths which we have undertaken to leave clear for the broadcasting services in other countries. By doing so, they prevent people in those countries from hearing their own domestic programmes. They also represent a danger � slight but ever -present to the radio services on which safety of life at sea depends. Moreover broadcasting from the high seas is forbidden, all over the world, by international law. And the pirates make almost unlimited use of recorded material, threatening the livelihoods of the musicians and other performers whose work they use without permission or payment.�
Of course the contents of this part of the letter, which was more a kind of a circular, was not complete true as there were not enough signing countries yet to make the Treaty of Strasbourg worldwide in power. But more had to come in the letter: �To date, twelve European countries have complained to the Postmaster General about the pirates� interferences with their broadcasting services. And communications between ships and the shore often have been seriously interfered with. If the pirate stations were allowed to continue unchecked, there would soon be so much interference that broadcasting as we know it would become impossible. This treat to the future of broadcasting has caused the maritime countries of the Council of Europe to agree to legislate on common lines to deal with it. The Bill carries out our obligations under the European Agreement.
Many people feel that an easy solution would be to bring the pirate ashore, that is to licence them to operate on land. That is just not possible. There are unused
wavelengths
on which powerful stations like the pirate stations could operate
without causing interference. In any case, if they operated within the
control of the Copyright Laws, they could not transmit the sort of
programmes they have been transmitting. The Government�s plans for the
future of sound broadcasting, which have recently been announced, are
designed to match our broadcasting services more closely to our needs
without interfering with other people�s rights.� So far the main part of
the letter sent away by the Private Secretary from the Postmaster
General in the summer of 1967.Caroline North officially could go on with tendering from the Isle of Man as the Government of the island had refused to implement the Act. It lasted two other weeks that it became into effect. However most of the British crew of the MV Fredericia, the North ship, decided to quit on August 14th as they feared a prosecution. The left the radioship in the early evening arriving not much later in the harbour of Ramsey onboard the Offshore III where a large crowd were there to met with them. On Caroline South Robbie Dale, Roger Day and Johnny Walker decided to stay on the air, where they were joined by several others including Spangles Muldoon, Bud Ballou, Carl Mitchell, Andy Archer, Stevie Merike and others. On the Fredericia Dee Harrison, Martin Kayne, Mark Sloane, Don Allen and Jim Gordon were the first to fight the MOA.
Offshore III alongside MV Fredericia. Photo Archive Les Woollam
Caroline North continued to be tendered from the Isle of Man for two weeks and the last tender went out of Ramsey harbour at 8.30 pm on August 31st 1967 to make the final delivery of supplies and crew before provisions of the British law became effective on the Isle of Man. At least 2000 people made a special crew that very day using the ferry Manxman from the Steam Packet Company to cruise from Douglas to Ramsey Bay with one purpose: just for the last time legal circling the radioship MV Fredericia, by them named as the MV Caroline. Just before midnight again attention was made to the MOA and after Don Allen told his opinion he played the Manx National Anthem and of course thanked the authorities and all the people who loved and supported the station on the Isle of Man.
Commercials were heard on the air for companies who were already on the airing list before August 15th but the owners from the companies or their representatives claimed that they didn�t asked for the commercials, either paid for airing them. Also minor new commercials were heard, next to a lot of in-house commercials, like the endless spots for the products of Major Minor Records, which was owned by Caroline�s co director Philip Solomon. We all remember those endless long commercials for the Orchestra of
Raymond
L�v�fre, The Dubliners, David McWilliams, and the Roberto Mann Strings.
Some of the products we liked, the others were terrible and decided me
often to tune into an other station. The money which came in at
Caroline�s office was on a far much smaller scale than for instant in
1966, when Radio Caroline was on her �height�, mainly was paid from
religious organisations from the USA who bought airtime on both
Caroline�s. Listeners from those days remembered the farewell to England from the deejays who stayed on the ships. They were not allowed anymore to go into their own country without getting in problems and facing a heavy punishment. The question was however if they really went to Amsterdam with the tender with the option to stay there until another tender trip brought them back to the radio ship, or could it be they visit illegally Great Britain? An answer on this question came in the November 11th edition from �The Disc and Music Echo� in which it was confirmed that the Caroline rebel deejays had been inside Britain in the then past months with police knowledge but without any action taken by the authorities. Caroline boss Ronan O�Rahilly was asked by the magazine and answered from his London flat with: �Spangles Muldoon and one of the Caroline North deejays have been here and the police all knew about it. I can only assume that the authorities are playing a waiting game which is their mistake. Given another 12 months Harold (Wilson) won�t be able to do anything about Caroline International. I say 12 months� time, because we really started a radio station all over again on August 15th and we�re still building up.�
But not all the listeners had the same feelings like me about most of the advertised music spots for Major Minor Records and the more regional music on Caroline North. At the Amsterdam Office, like in London in earlier days, a lot of letters came in from the avid listeners. Alistair Watt wrote one to Martin Kayne in January 1968: �I am a frequent listener to Radio Caroline, both South and North. Needless to say I am a great admirer of Free Radio. I enjoy all the shows. One feature on Caroline North that I especially like is the occasional playing of Scottish records e.g. The Alexander Brothers. It is on this point I�m writing to you. In the old days when Radio Caroline was not the only free radio station broadcasting, the late Radio Scotland used to have a special Ceilidh programme for its listeners and with Jack McLaughlin presenting the programme it was a big success. You mention on your Saturday show that you would like ideas from listeners on music programmes and I suggest that you present a program of Scottish music perhaps once or more a week. I�m sure you would find this type of programme very successful. Another favour I would like to ask of you is would you play me a request�. Then Alistair asked Martin to
play
the � Black Bear� a typical Scottish tune. And the letter went on with:
�On the last night of Radio Scotland one of the disc jockeys played
Caroline�s theme tune and I thought it would be a nice return gesture if
you played the � Black Bear�. Of course there were contracts signed by advertisers or advertising agencies at a moment it was not known that the MOA would brought in. Sometimes a contract was for a period of three or six months and so Radio Caroline played on with the commercials after August 14th. This was bringing problems for a lot of advertisers and they mostly denied that they have given Caroline permission to go on with the spots in the programs. One example was mentioned by Mike Leonard in his publication: Derek Gardner. This local advertiser, Photographics of Leatherhead and Epson, had run a campaign on Caroline during the early summer of 1967, which included promotional offers available until the end of September. And so Caroline continued to broadcast the commercials after August 14th. The story tells us that the owner, Derek Gardner, even went to the Amsterdam Singel Office, to protest against the transmission of the commercial.
Bringing attention to a law, in this case the MOA, was not only done on the air by several radio stations but also by the authorities. It was the Post Master General who warned the British Citizens in official advertisements for the penalties which could be received if they would work together with the then called pirate radio stations. Also tender bosses were warned not to supply the pirate radio stations and companies were warned that advertising was forbidden. In some 70 newspapers advertisements were bought up to a sum of 18.000 Pound Sterling. And then we speak of course about this amount in the year 1967. A lot of money, of course at the end paid by the listeners in Britain, as they were supposed to pay tax to run the governmental bodies, including the Post Office.
Tendering, which was organised from British harbours in the days before the MOA, stayed in the hands o
f
Wijsmuller. Officially Offshore, Tender and Supply Company Ltd, from
Baarn in Holland. Sometimes the Company also came in the news as Redwijs
Baarn. Instead of tendering from for instant Harwich, and so a not too
long trip to the MV Mi Amigo, the former Caroline South ship, very long
tendering trips had to be done from the harbour of IJmuiden in Holland.
Daily delivery, as was possible in the past, was only a dream. No fresh bread, no newspapers, no fresh milk, but also the fact that they deejays couldn�t come home anymore in Britain was at one stage hearable in the shows. After some four months as Caroline International complaints were heard on the air about the tendering. Also lesser commercials were played and minor deejays came for one or a couple of stints on board the radio ships. And those stints weren�t anymore a fortnight as before, but mainly for a period of six weeks or longer. Of course we all know the big names who fought the law, but we also have to mention people like Ross Brown, who came back as Freddie Beare, Lord Charles Brown, Ripley Thorne, Jason Wolfe and Stevie Gee.
Freddie Beare Archive Pirate Hall of Fame
Frictions occurred on the ships and with the tender official documents from Amsterdam Headquarters signed by Ronan O�Rahilly. One went as follows: � Note to all staff concerned at the MV Caroline. Due to
recent
conduct by source of the staff and constant frivolous friction I wish to
draw your attention to the following: Captain Lishold (Lieshout) is in
full commend of all staff concerned, if any personal onboard does not or
will not confirm to the company rules, or to the company�s interest, the
captain has the full authority to dismiss the person concerned from the
MV Caroline and the same return at the first instance ashore.� Roger Scott was one of the deejays who came in a long period after the MOA was effective and had worked for other offshore stations. In 1984 he was interviewed for the special Monitor issue �Happy Birthday Radio Caroline 20 years old� and told about his first and last trip out to the MV Fredericia, in fact he did only one programme: �I hadn't really considered Caroline as being an option after August 1967; mostly because the station sounded pretty ropey and it was all plug records. But by about February 1968 I was getting fairly desperate to do some kind of radio work again. A friend and colleague, Alan Clark, was also looking around and it was he who had the idea of going along to Caroline�s office � well, it wasn't really Caroline's office, it was Major Minor Records. He saw Jim Hoolihan; who was something to do with Major Minor and something to do with Ronan O'Rahilly. He used to keep Ronan's unwanted guests at bay I think. He didn�t want any experience or audition tapes; he just said �When can you start?� In fact Alan was offered a job on the South Ship and I was offered a job on the North Ship. For some reason
Alan
never got as far as the South Ship. I think they'd closed down by the
time he was actually going out there.Backside Caroline International QSL Card 1968
Three or four days after seeing this Jim Hoolihan fellow I went off to Dundalk; I went there on the Saturday because the tender was due to go out on the Sunday; but in fact it didn't. I bumped into Freddie Bear who was �RWB� on Radio City and Ross Brown on Radio 390. Australians as you know always wear shorts be it summer, winter, anytime, he always used to wear these infernal shorts. We filled the next few days going to places like Dublin. Eventually we left to go out to the boat mid-evening on Tuesday night. It took all night and most of the following morning to get out to the Caroline Ship, which was anchored off the Isle of Man and it was an extremely rough night. When we first went on the tender Ross Brown said: �Let's go on the Bridge�, everybody else seemed to be on the Bridge for some reason. I never did discover why. I didn't want to go on the Bridge, I wanted to go to bed, which is what I did. I found myself a bunk but I didn�t sleep very much. We got to the MV Caroline about mid-day I suppose. It was a grey, nasty day, rough sea, raining, very unpleasant.�
There was just one guy within the Caroline organisation who was known to Roger Scott: �The only connection that I had with Caroline at that stage was the fact that Martin Kayne was there. He had worked for Radio Essex a couple of years previously as Michael Kayne, so I knew him but he was going off on shore leave as I arrived. I was going out there with Ross Brown and coming off the boat were Martin Kayne and Jason Wolfe. There apart from Ross Brown (or I should say Freddie
Bear)
and myself, Jimmy Gordon - an Australian guy, Don Allen of course. And
there was Lord Charles Brown, more usually known as Lord Charles Brown
than Charlie Brown. People used silly names on that ship, I don't know
why. I was plain old boring Roger Scott - I should say the first plain
old boring Roger Scott -at that time. I can't remember much about the
engineers. The cook was a Dutch guy, so we had the usual Dutch food,
which was Wonderloaf and pickles and soup. The food was quite good
actually, as far as Wonderloaf and pickles and soup goes, it was only
the-best type.�Dick Palmer and Roger Scott in 2005 Photo: Martin Kayne
Although the kitchen was good Roger Scott has not the best memories working for Radio Caroline: �The most noticeable thing about Caroline North from my own personal point of view was the fact that it was the least friendly station I worked on. It was fairly soulless, a bit disappointing actually. Had I worked there longer perhaps I would have got to know people better but it was a station very much of individuals. There wasn't much of a team spirit. It seemed to me that everybody was just passing their time, knowing that the station was eventually to close. We didn't know it was imminent but we knew it was going to happen sometime, so there wasn't a great feeling for the station. Initially I was given news to do, which came from Manx Radio. So I was doing news during the day Wednesday afternoon, Thursday and Friday, then Saturday I did my first and only programme. I did six till eight in the evening I believe. Had it been a weekday my voice would have been the very last to be heard on Caroline North. However, that distinction evaded me because being Saturday Don Allen did his Country and Western Jamboree, so he closed at ten- and that, as is well known, was that.�
Dutch newspapers did not pay too much attention to the fact the Caroline stations were tendered from Holland. Of course Veronica was their only offshore radiostation in those days and the love for this was so very high that they wouldn�t like to have the Dutch Government to sign the Treaty of Strasbourg and change the Dutch law for Telecommunications, so tendering from Holland for the Caroline ships would be illegal. If so, it mend also the end of transmissions from international waters for Radio Veronica.
It
was not a new Dutch law which forbid the Caroline stations to go on with
transmissions. There was a more financial reason it all came to an end
at that stage. Insufficient revenue was pulled in from advertising.
Between 14th August, 1967, and the close-down early March 1968, there
were less than half a dozen paid advertisements. Most of the
advertisements heard on the two Caroline ships were taped from
television or from other radio stations, and of course there were always
the old pre-August 14th recorded commercials to rely on.Each ship cost approximately �1,000 per week to run and various groups and record companies paid �100 per week for 30 plays of their nominated record. There was delay in getting money out of the country, and large debts began to accumulate in Holland. The biggest debt was to Redwijs. On Friday afternoon, March 1st 1968, a meeting was held in the company's office in Baarn and it was decided to tow the ships into Amsterdam. No one within the Caroline organisation from the boss, Philip Solomon, to Nan Richardson, who worked in the Amsterdam office, had any prior knowledge that the ships would be towed away soon.
Very early on Sunday morning March 3rd 1968 Caroline South was on the air at 5 a.m. when a Dutch tug, the MV Titan, arrived near the MV Mi Amigo. Roger Day was in the studio of the MV Mi Amigo when the captain of the towing vessel arrived. He told Roger the reason why they had to go off the air and when Roger asked if he could make an anouncement the captain refused and so came an end. Just in the middle of a record Caroline International (South) from the Mi Amigo was off the air. It would last up till September 1972 it was back where it belonged, the international waters.
At almost the same time the tender and supply company Wijsmuller also got hands on the Fredericia, the Caroline North ship. There the salvage vessel MV Utrecht came alongside the radio ship and told crew and deejays that there would be a long trip as the radioship would be towed to Amsterdam. On both radio ships deejays and crewmembers were locked up into the lounge and had no chance at all to say goodbye to their listeners. Just within a day the Mi Amigo was the first to enter Amsterdam harbour, on March 9th followed by the MV Fredericia, Caroline North flagship. Soon it became known by reports in the newspapers that the two radio ships were towed in order of the Wijsmuller Supply and Tender Company from Baarn but not only due to non payment of dues by the Caroline organisation.
After the tug and their crew had boarded the Fredericia a long trip to Holland started from which Roger Scott remembers: �It sounds kind of romantic sailing from the Isle of Man round the country by way of the Lleyn Peninsula, Cardigan Bay, Lands End, English Channel to Amsterdam, but there really wasn't anything spicy about it, it was more boring. It was a week of quite rough seas, not very much happened. Most of the time I remember lying in my bunk looking at the porthole getting soaked and occasionally some water would come in. It was not a particularly exciting time. I think it was noticeable there were no hoards of weeping girls waving their knickers at us. This had been the case, we had heard, on Radio London when the Marine Offences Act came in, but we went in the mouth of the canal that leads to Amsterdam and there were hoards of totally indifferent Dutch people fishing and wondering what this strange ship was. Only in our imaginations were the people on the quayside aware of who or what we were and why we were there. Literally we were met without very much excitement at all. The South Ship was already tied up. It must have been there a couple of days; there was nobody around, they'd all gone.
We were paid off on the quayside and we were told that we'd be kept informed as to what was happening. Of course we were not. I think it was generally accepted that as far as Caroline was concerned that was it, there wasn't any future in it. So very rapidly everybody went their own way. I came back on a flight with the Caroline representative whose job it was to pay people. He was based in London, probably something to do with Major Minor, I can't remember his name. Don Allen followed a couple of days later. Jimmy Gordon became Guy Blackmore and did a few shows for Radio One. Lord Charles Brown faded into oblivion. Ross Brown I think probably went back to Australia to get his shorts laundered. About a month after I'd finished on Caroline, I joined Harlech Television.�
Not to think that with dues only the tendering was not paid by the Caroline organisation, no there was far much more not organised. When an organisation like the Wijsmuller Supply and Tender Company, has a contract with the � in this case � the Panamanian owners of the radio ships, they are fully responsible for the nautical arrangements. That also means a proper insurance. The insurance companies have in their policy that ships have to visit a dry-dock for inspection on regular base. And that was one of the many things which was not arranged by the Caroline organisation. And a normal conclusion is that when the insurance rules
are
not followed the official certificate of seaworthiness will be
withdrawn. Following the words of the Wijsmuller Company early 1968 this
happened to the MV Mi Amigo as well as the MV Fredericia. An official
document was sent to the European representative of the Panamanian
owners. From there on an settlement had to be arranged at which date the
ships would go into dry-dock, somewhere in a country from which was
known the Treaty of Strasbourg was not signed yet. The Panamanian owners refused several times to bring the ships in for inspection and that was finally the moment for the insurance company to act and withdraw the sea worthiness certificate, an action which was clear enough for the Wijsmuller Company to take the ships into Amsterdam harbour. Officially nothing was mentioned in the press about the difference in thoughts the two Wijsmuller Brothers had. Years later it became known that one of them had the idea that going on with the transmissions wouldn�t be a problem, The other however thought that it was nonsense to spent more money into tendering, without the total amount of costs coming back from the Caroline organisation.
When first the MV Mi Amigo arrived, later followed by the MV Fredericia, suddenly the Panamanian owners wanted to talk and ordered the Wijsmuller Company to look for the cheapest dry dock, where inspection could be made for getting back the sea worthiness certificate. And so Wijsmuller found two places at the Oranjewerf (Orange Wharf) in Amsterdam. And I can reveal that inspection has been made to the Fredericia and the MV Mi Amigo. When the official reports were received by the Wijsmuller Company they were directly send to the Panamanian owners with the question to make funds available for the inspection costs as well as repairs which had to be made before getting another official certificate. Officially everything could have been arranged within days but months went by and on July 9th 1968 officially both ships were locked up in order of the Wijsmuller Supply and Tender Company from Baarn. As the owners of the Oranje Wharf also want that there are guards on the ships, day and night, the bills for this also went to the Panamanian owners of the radio ships. And you can guess yourself if these invoices were paid.
Some of the deejays thought to seek for free publicity to find a new job when both Radio Caroline stations were off the air in March 1968. For instant deejay Stevie Gee, who had only been for one stint on the MV Mi Amigo and lived in an house on the Prinsengracht where also other deejays stayed during their time on land. It was owned by the Hoodle Family. Lately I found a newspaper cut from April 16th 1968 from the Haarlems Dagblad.
With the header �Ex deejay from Caroline loves to stay here� the story of Stevie Gee was told: �The 22 years old ex deejay from the ex radio station Caroline has really found his place in Amsterdam. For many weeks he played his records in the local club �The Sound� and also since two weeks Stevie Gee can be found as deejay some days a week in the local dancing �Extase� in the village of Bergen. Next to spinning the records Stevie is songwriter as well as singer. On Radio Caroline he did his own show last year and before that he did
presentations
from artists in England. A year ago, in the summer, he came to Holland.
The same happened to other Caroline deejays. However Stevie saw the
station go down and decided to quit within days of arrival�. Lucky
enough he�s a lot of experience to get more clubs to sign a contract
with for spinning the records for a live audience.� Carl Mitchell, Alan Clark and Stevie Gee in 1969: Hans Knot Archive
Who has ever heard Stevie on Radio Caroline? As I did sent the info to Jon at the Pirate Hall of Fame to, he came back with: �Hi Hans, thank you very much for the for the Stevie Gee cutting. Stevie was heard on Caroline South on the midnight-6am "graveyard slot" for a short time (a month or six weeks) in September/October 1967. He was only on the ship for one stint. And another reader from my �Hans Knot International Radio Report�, Alan Hamblin, sent me a message in 2006 stating: � He was on board the MV Mi Amigo from Tuesday 29th August 1967 until Tuesday 12th September 1967. For most of the time he was on the air from midnight until 6.00 am.�
So six weeks on the radio ship and from there on back to Holland trying to earn money on the name �Caroline�. What happened to him? Afterwards he worked as a disco DJ and musician. He spent five years in Amsterdam, DJ�ing in clubs and, while there, wrote a number of pop hits. He also appeared on some Caroline roadshows on the continent which he says were much better paid than his time on the ship! In the early seventies he moved to Denmark and was DJ, comp�re and singer in a large club in Copenhagen called �Revolution�. He was a member of a successful Danish band called �Life� but was forced to return to the UK when his father fell seriously ill and needed Stevie's assistance. Since then he says he has done a �straight nine to five job�.
In
the weeks after Radio Caroline was silenced a lot of rumours went
around. Just little then a week after the ships were towed away Dutch
biggest newspaper �De Telegraaf� already mentioned that behind the scene
people already worked hard to bring back one of the Caroline
radiostations. They stated that the new radiostation would come from
another radioship, which was formerly used by Radio 270, known as the
Oceaan 7. The ship would be anchored off the Essex coast in
International Waters. �A spokesman for the Caroline organisation told us
that first Caroline South would come back on the air due to higher
listenership compared to Caroline North. First we planned to use the
former Radio London vessel MV Galaxy, which is in Hamburg harbour. But
too much work must be done to the ship before bringing it back into
international harbours. Therefore the Caroline-organisation decided to
purchase the Oceaan 7 from Radio 270.�Oceaan VII for sale letter Archive: Freewave Media Magazine
The Haarlems Dagblad, a local newspaper in Noord Holland, brought more information almost two months later. On the front page of the May 11th edition it was mentioned that the director of Caroline had decided not to use the former Radio 270 vessel to restart his famous radiostation. Earlier Ronan O�Rahilly told that Radio Caroline would come back with Easter with the use of this radio ship. Deejays mentioned at that time were people like Andy Archer, Roger Scott, Don Allen and Freddie Bear who would be on board to present the programs during the first three weeks of broadcasting. �Officially it�s announced that too much pre-publicity on the former Radio 270 vessel thwarted the plans to relaunch Radio Caroline. Later on it became known that intimidation and extortion were not unknown factors in the failure to relaunch Radio Caroline at that stage�.
It was March 1969 the name �Caroline� appeared again in my diary, which I filled almost day from day since 1968: �The Caroline Revival Hour was transmitted on Radio Andorra on 428 meters, which is 701 kHz. It happened on March 2, 1969, from midnight up till ten minutes past one. The programme was a commemoration of Radio Caroline, the offshore station that went off the air a year ago, when both its ships were towed away from international waters by some tugs hired by the tender company Wijsmuller. Reason was that the station owners had not paid their bills for tendering the MV Fredericia, anchored off the West Coast of England, as well as the MV Mi Amigo off the Eastern Coast. I've also heard that the programme was a test for eventual similar programmes in the future. It was first announced in Spanish, while the microphone later was handled by some Caroline deejays. I heard the voices of Don Allen, Bob Stewart, Bud Bullou, and Stevie Merike."
In the Netherlands, the reception from Radio Andorra was very poor during the first twenty minutes. There was some interference originating from a German radio station, but later on the reception improved. The deejays took us back to the earlier days of Radio Caroline and they played many well-known records from those years. An air-check of the August 15 broadcast from Radio Caroline South was also played. I heard some adverts for the �Free Radio Association� and for some music magazines. In Disc and Music Echo I later read that similar programmes could be expected soon in the form of regular transmissions between midnight and four in the morning soon on Radio Andorra.
Let�s see what I�ve found more in my diary between 1968 and the moment both ships were sold: �Radio Caroline, however, did not return on the frequency of Radio Andorra. Indeed, it would take some years before Radio Caroline would be back on the airwaves. It certainly was curious to read this memory back in my own handwriting. My words suggested that the station already had known a long history. At the time, however, Caroline had only been on the air for scarcely four years. To me, then, four years clearly were a long period of time and one must also not forget that in those years a lot had happened to the station. Now, we realize that this period was only ten percent of the actual lifetime of the station. The next item I found
in
my diary regarding Caroline dates back to April 1969: �The Sunday Telegraph announced that there's a plan for a Beatles' plane. John Lennon and Yoko Ono have agreed to appear in a colour programme for a television station that will be broadcasting to Britain from an aircraft over the Irish Sea. Mr. Ronan O'Rahilly is the initiator and the station will go by the name of �Radio Caroline Television.� A lot of show-business people have agreed to participate when the station gets on the air. Curiously, the station won't break any law. The broadcasts will be between six in the evening and three in the night the following day. Ronan O'Rahilly has bought two Super Constellations, each of which will be transmitting in turn. I read in the newspaper that the organisation is discussing some large contracts for advertising with a number of agencies. Most of the advertising will be bought and paid for outside Great Britain. Three countries have agreed to let the airplanes take off and land. The station's policy will be mainly light entertainment with an accent on old films. Also there will be a serious programme with reporters interviewing people on the streets. Invectives will not be censored.�
September
1970 to come back on the air in February 1971. It would, however, take
up till September 1972 before O'Rahilly followed suit with Caroline
again, or should I write when Peter Chicago and Spangles Muldoon did so?
The
first one was a letter from a guy called P.D. Warren from Haarlem where
he had a company called �E� together with A.Maclagen at the Bos and
Vaartstreet 16. The addressed person was �Karl� Mitchell c/o Ross Brown,
43 West Cromwell Road in London. It was dated April 9th 1968. It was a
confirmation of what was in a telephone conversation between the sender
and Mitchell earlier that day. The two main points in the letter were
give
the complete new staff a training course a few days in length
immediately before the project would start: �This will train staff to
deal with normal running and with emergencies of all kinds. Because I
would like to take charge of this course, it will be necessary for you
to come over at least three weeks before the project starts, so that a)
you can learn it yourself and b) you can advice on a disco bar
installation. �
rl
will personally supervise the building of your work area, and on the
choice of equipment.�
ed
during that period about 300 guilders a month at the age of 18 years.
This document was twice in the Carl Mitchell boxes and one of them was
signed in concept by the following persons without a date of signing:
Karl Mitchell, R.W. Brown, Jim Gordon and Don Allen. You see all former
Caroline deejays.
have
a general accent on �The flavour of London�. There were also problems
with the London double decker as regulations in Holland made it
impossible to have the double decker on the roads. Therefore the roof
had to be cut from the busses at the upper window level. 
s
to be a daily show. It was all set to go and then something changed in
the company, about that time. But no buses or Dutch connection for me.
Rosko�.